Kidney Stone Recurrence Risk Profiler

Step 1 — Stone History

How many kidney stones have you had?

This is my first stone

2 stones total

3 or more stones

Do you know your stone type?

Calcium oxalate (most common)

Calcium phosphate

Uric acid

Cystine (genetic)

Struvite (infection stone)

Not sent for analysis / unknown

If your stone was not sent for chemical analysis after treatment, select “Not sent for analysis.” This alone increases your risk — you cannot prevent what you have not identified.

Has a first-degree relative (parent or sibling) had kidney stones?

Yes

Not sure

Step 2 — Hydration & Diet

How much fluid do you typically drink per day?

Under 1.5 litres (less than 6 cups)

1.5–2.5 litres (6–10 cups)

2.5 litres or more daily

How much dairy do you eat daily?

Rarely or none (restricting calcium)

1 serving/day

2–3 servings/day (milk, yoghurt, cheese)

This matters more than most people realise. Cutting dairy increases oxalate absorption and raises stone risk.

How often do you eat high-oxalate foods? (spinach, almonds, beets, dark chocolate)

Daily or near-daily

2–3 times per week

Rarely

How much red meat do you eat per week?

5+ times per week

2–4 times per week

Once a week or less

How much salt / sodium do you consume?

High — lots of processed food, restaurant meals, added salt

Moderate — some processed food

Low — mostly home-cooked, low salt

Step 3 — Health Conditions

Do you have any of the following? (choose the most relevant)

None of the below

Gout or high uric acid

Type 2 diabetes / obesity

Inflammatory bowel disease / chronic diarrhoea

Hyperparathyroidism

Chronic kidney disease

Recurrent UTIs

5-Year Recurrence Risk Score

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Your Personalised Prevention Protocol

Dr. Muhammad Khalid

MBBS · FCPS (Urology) · MCPS (Gen. Surgery) · IMC #539472 — Risk scoring based on EAU Urolithiasis Guidelines 2024 and Borghi NEJM 2002. Recurrence statistics from Moe OW, Lancet 2006.

This risk profiler is for educational guidance. It does not replace a formal 24-hour urine metabolic evaluation or urological consultation. Patients with recurrent stones, CKD, or a stone at a young age should seek a formal metabolic workup regardless of their score here.

What is the 5-year recurrence rate for kidney stones without prevention?

Without any preventive measures, approximately 50% of patients who pass a kidney stone will have another within 5 years, and 80% within 10 years (Moe OW, Lancet 2006). With a structured dietary prevention programme and targeted medical treatment where indicated, these rates fall to 10–15%. The single most impactful intervention is maintaining urine output above 2.5 litres per day.

Why does cutting calcium increase my stone risk?

This is the single most counterintuitive fact in stone prevention. Dietary calcium — from dairy and food — binds oxalate in the gut and prevents it from being absorbed into the bloodstream. When you restrict calcium, more oxalate reaches your kidneys and crystallises with the calcium already in your urine, forming more stones. The landmark Borghi NEJM trial (2002) showed a 51% lower recurrence rate in men who ate normal calcium versus those on a low-calcium diet. Read the full kidney stone diet protocol →

What is a 24-hour urine metabolic evaluation?

This is a urine collection test where you collect all your urine over a full 24-hour period. The laboratory analyses it for the key stone-forming substances: urinary calcium, oxalate, uric acid, citrate, sodium, magnesium, and pH. It identifies your specific metabolic abnormality — hypercalciuria, hyperoxaluria, hypocitraturia, or hyperuricosuria — allowing precisely targeted treatment rather than generic advice. It is recommended for any patient with two or more stone episodes, a first stone before age 25, or a stone despite good hydration and diet.